Publication Date: 5th May, 2022
Paper id: 0100001EJATCS Open Access
Title: DNS Cache Poisoning / Honeypot Analysis Based on Data Exfiltration Using Stochastic Petri Nets Method to Enhance Cyber Security Hygiene
Year: 2022 Full Paper [Download] Page:1-23
Abstract: Experts suspect that companies spend millions of dollars on firewalls, encryption and secure access devices against threats, and all in vain as none of these solutions address the weakest link in the security chain. People who work on secure networks with authorization are suspected of having a weak link in the security chain. Threat detection methods created by researchers can detect many false alarms during detection processes, and these false alarms are responsible for shutting down the system. The nature of traffic between communication systems is unpredictable; therefore, it is common to develop a stochastic model to represent such a system. This study used SPN to create models; statistical models have been conventionally used to analyze networks with security chains. The new stochastic Petri net formalism offers the enhancement of model fidelity by allowing a combination of real-time and continuous events, as well as non-Markovian behavior to be formalized. This allowed us to see special structures within the stochastic process produced by SPN models. We have applied this principle by proposing an effective simulation method that supports deadlock detection andeasy-to-compute point estimates and confidence intervals. The method is novel because it can automatically detect hidden regenerative structures that do not conform to different simple conditions, and can be easily determined by analytical methods.
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Paper id: 0100002EJATCS Open Access
Title: Implementation of Inclusive Education in Nigerian Schools: Challenges and Way Forward
Year: 2022 Full Paper [Download] Page:24-30
Abstract: Inclusive is a systematic integration, mainstreaming and embracing pupils and students with special needs and learning disability in a regular classroom with the normal individuals. This paper is titled implementation of inclusive education in Nigerian schools: challenges and way forward .The paper tried to look at the meaning of inclusive education which is philosophy for attaining equity, justice and equality in education for all, especially those excluded because of their disabilities. The implementation of inclusive education in Nigerian schools involves making learning environment conclusive, providing enough equipments and training teachers on how to handled learning disabled. The paper examined the challenges facing inclusive education in Nigeria among which is inadequate funding by the government and the way forward is to fund education sector, recruitment of specialist, training teachers and buying equipments for teaching individuals with special needs. It was recommended that, campaign should be mounted to sensitize teachers and parents on ways of handling, identifying and caring for individuals with special needs.
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Paper id: 0100003EJATCS Open Access
Title: The Role and Use of Discourse Analysis to Language Teaching context
Year: 2022 Full Paper [Download] Page: 31-38
Abstract: The basic purpose of this paper is to describe the Role and Use of Discourse Analysis to Language teaching context. The paper first deals with the concern of ontological and epistemological philosophies of knowledge. Second, it goes on discussing discourse and discourse analysis. Then, the basis of discourse analysis in relation these philosophies of knowledge is driven. Next, the paper describes the brief historical overview of discourse analysis. After that, the detail background of language teaching in relation to discourse analysis will be discussed. Here, the paper explains how communication approach to language teaching was introduced in the history of language teaching, and why special attention was given to discourse analysis within this approach. Finally, the paper describes the significant roles and uses of discourse analysis to language teaching context.
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Paper id: 0100004EJATCS Open Access
Title: Difficulties in Learning the Concept of Gibbs Energy
Year: 2022 Full Paper [Download] Page: 39-52
Abstract: The key difficulties in studying the notion of Gibb energy generated and related ideas are segregated in this paper. We have assumed that the documented study of primary qualitative leaps in the development of the Gibb energy hypothesis can help to recognize these challenges to complete this analysis. So we have defined briefly the key conceptual profiles in which Gibbs energy can be interpreted and analyzed by students from two public universities. Ethiopia. We developed and applied an open questionnaire and interviews for this purpose. The findings obtained showed that most students had ontological and epistemological difficulties at the two universities using the Gibbs energy definition, while preferring the use of reasoning in chemistry based on the principles of chemical thermodynamics.
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Paper id: 0100005EJATCS Open Access
Title: Comparative Analysis of CRISPR-Cas Systems of Yersinia pestis and Escherichia coli strains
Year 2022 Full Paper [Download] Page:53-82
Abstract: The CRISPR-Cas system primarily refers to the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its related protein enzymes (Cas) that confer adaptive protection against bacteriophages and other exogenous elements. The CRISPR-spacers that constitute the CRISPR-Cas systems have been reportedly found in Prokaryotes and Archea. This study analyzed and compared genome assemblies of E. coli and Yersinia pestis with the aid of bioinformatics tools (MinCED, MUSCLE alignment tool, nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search tool (nBLAST), and prokaryotic database of the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The CRISPR-spacer analyses of meta-genomic sequences of 162 Escherichia coli and 121 Yersinia pestis strains showed the presence of 4 CRISPR classes (I, II, III, and IV) in E. coli and 3 CRISPR classes (I, II, and III) in Y. pestis, respectively. The result of MinCED-CRISPR analysis of CRISPR size of genome assemblies of E. coli and Y. pestis strains showed that E. coli CRISPR class I had the highest percentage value (51.9%) compared with E. coli class II (42%), Y. pestis CRISPR class I (40%), Y. pestis CRISPR class II (36%), Y. pestis CRISPR class III (24%), E. coli class III (4.8%) and E. coli class IV (1%). It further revealed that no CRISPR sequences were found in class IV of Y. pestis strains. The result of CRISPR-spacer contents also showed that the E. coli CRISPR class I showed the highest significant percentage value (54.6%) than Y. pestis CRISPR class I (36.93%), Y. pestis CRISPR class II (41.13%), Y. pestis CRISPR class III (21.93%), E. coli CRISPR class II (42.18%), E. coli class III (2.86%) and E. coli class IV (0.33%). It was observed that there was absence of CRISPR class IV in the genomic sequences of Y. pestis strains analyzed. The percentage distribution of exogenous spacers among E. coli CRISPR classes revealed that CRISPR class I showed 65.77% homologous sequence match with plasmids spacers, 51.96% bacteriophages spacers, 68.26% bacterial spacers, and 20.18% unknown target spacers, while CRISPR II had 79.82% homologous sequence match with unknown self-targets spacers, 49% bacteriophages spacers, 35%plasmids and 29.9% from other bacterial spacers available in NCBI databank. E. coli CRISPR class III showed no homologous spacers sequence match with unknown targets and bacteriophages but showed homologous sequence match with plasmid (0.19%) and other bacteria (1.83%).E. coli CRISPR class IV showed absence of homologous spacers matches against bacteriophages spacers from the NCBI databank. The spacer distribution among Y. pestis CRISPR classes revealed that the CRISPR class I showed a highest percentage value of homologous sequence match with 47.62% bacteriophages spacers, 38.7% plasmids, and 38.44% from other bacterial spacers, while the Y. pestis CRISPR class II showed spacers similarity with plasmids (25.45%) and bacteriophages (25.71%) and Y. pestis CRISPR III also showed percentage similarity sequence match with plasmids spacers(35.84%), bacteriophages spacers(26.67%) and 22.06% bacterial spacers available in NCBI databank. However, there was no homologous spacer sequence match contributed by unknown mobile genetic targets in all the Y. pestis CRISPR classes compared with the E. coli CRISPR classes. The evolutionary relationships of 22 representative strains of each bacterium were carefully selected on temporary relationship over a specific period [n < 10 years] and analyzed. The phylogenetic tree of E. coli revealed that 22 E. coli strains showed a common ancestral origin from E. coli BIDMC_74, and the E. coli BIDMC_74 strain was more closely related to E. coli strain IH57218 than E. coli str. HVH 50 and E. coli str. 122262 NODE_1 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of all 22 Y. pestis showed a close relationship with one another, suggesting a common evolutionary relationship among them. The results obtained from this study give credence to show that the E.coli showed a significant CRISPR diversity than Y. pestis, in terms of its CRISPR class size, spacer’s contents, exogenous homologous sequence matches and phylogenetic relationships among its strains. This characteristic feature showed by E. coli strains could be attributed to increased homologous spacer acquisition from exogenous plasmids, bacteriophages, bacteria, and unknown targeting elements. The findings further suggest that the increased CRISPR diversity observed in the E. coli could be associated with increased exposure of its strains to these exogenous elements than Y.pestis strains due to bacteriologist infection, co-evolution..and..conjugation .with. exogenous mobile genetic. elements (MGE).
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